Obstacle Avoiding Robot
A robot that scans ahead with a servo-mounted ultrasonic sensor and steers around whatever it finds.
- Suitable for
- School
- Technology
- Arduino Uno
Beginner4–6 days
Robotics · Autonomous Robots
Line Follower Robot
An autonomous robot that tracks a taped line using an infrared sensor array and proportional steering correction.
- Difficulty
- Intermediate
- Typical time
- 5–6 days
- Suitable for
- School
Price
Contact for price
Cost depends on components, complexity and which deliverables you need, so we quote after understanding your requirement.
Technologies
- Arduino Nano
- IR reflectance array
- L298N motor driver
- Proportional control
Project overview
A five-channel infrared array under the chassis reads the contrast between the line and the floor. The controller works out how far off-centre the robot is and applies a correction to the two drive motors — turning harder the further it has drifted, rather than simply switching left or right.
That proportional correction is what makes the difference between a robot that oscillates across the line and one that tracks smoothly. It is also the most useful thing to be able to explain in a viva, because it connects a physical behaviour you can point at to a control concept from your syllabus.
Sensor thresholds are adjustable and the robot is tested on more than one surface before handover, because floor colour and lighting change what the sensors see. You are shown how to re-tune it on the actual track you will run.
Features
- Five-channel sensing for smooth line tracking
- Proportional steering correction rather than simple on/off turning
- Adjustable sensor thresholds with a documented tuning procedure
- Separate motor and logic power so motor load does not reset the controller
- Tested on more than one floor surface before handover
How it works
- 1Each IR pair emits light and measures how much is reflected back from the surface below.
- 2A dark line reflects less, so the sensors above the line read differently from those on bare floor.
- 3The controller converts the five readings into a single position error relative to the line centre.
- 4That error is scaled and applied as a speed difference between the left and right motors.
- 5A larger error produces a sharper correction, so the robot converges on the line instead of oscillating.
Components used
- Arduino Nano
- Five-channel IR sensor array
- L298N dual motor driver
- Two BO geared motors with wheels
- Robot chassis with caster
- Li-ion battery pack
Questions about this project
Will it follow a line on any floor?
It needs enough contrast between the line and the floor, and the thresholds have to suit that surface. We show you how to re-tune it, which takes a couple of minutes.
Can it handle sharp turns and crossings?
Standard right-angle turns, yes. Very sharp turns and complex intersections need a wider sensor array and different logic — tell us the track layout when you enquire.
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Need the Line Follower Robot in Surat?
Send your class or course and your submission date and we'll confirm what's achievable, what it includes and what it costs — before you commit.